Būvniecība vairs nebūs sarežģīts process

Līdzšinējā pieredze rāda, ka būvniecības gaita Latvijā no tās sākumstadijas līdz objekta nodošanai ekspluatācijā bijusi smagnēja un ilgstoša. Ir skaidrs, ka esošais Būvniecības likums ir novecojis. Pie tam kā vienā no saviem pētījumiem norāda Pasaules Banka – Latvijas problēma ir nesaprotamais un garais periods līdz būvatļaujas saņemšanai, kas rada pamatu koruptīvai videi.

Jaunajā Būvniecības likumprojektā, kurš šobrīd ir iesniegts Saeimā, būves ir sadalītas četrās grupās, izejot no būvju drošības standartiem. Pirmajā grupā ietilpst teritorijas labiekārtojumi – maznozīmīgas būves, kas neprasa visaugstākos drošības standartus. Šo objektu būvniecība notiks bez būvprojekta, būvvaldē saskaņojot to novietni, tāpēc atbrīvos no virknes formālo dokumentu un birokrātisko šķēršļu.

Otrajā grupā tiek iekļautas visas privātmājas, kā arī nelielas noliktavas, ražotnes un citas nelielas būves 2 – 3 stāvu augstumā, kuru būvniecība notiks vienkāršotā kārtībā. Trešajā grupā ietilpst ēkas no četru līdz piecu stāvu augstumam, inženiertīkli, transportbūves un citas būves, kas nav minētas pirmajā un otrajā vai ceturtajā grupā. Šo būvju būvniecība notiks vispārējā kārtībā bez īpašiem atvieglojumiem vai papildu prasībām. Ceturtajā grupā ietilpst būves, kuras šodien apzīmē ar terminu Sabiedriski nozīmīgas būves, to būvniecībai Vispārīgajos būvnoteikumos tiks noteiktas stingrākas projektēšanas un būvdarbu prasības.

 

Likumprojektā ir ietverti 4 būtiski principi, kas būs jāievēro visiem būvniecības procesa dalībniekiem, arī ēku pasūtītājiem un īpašniekiem. Pirmkārt, arhitektoniskās kvalitātes princips, kas nosaka, ka mēs patiešām gribam kvalitatīvu arhitektūru. Otrkārt, atklātības princips, kas mūsu valstī bijis liels rūpju bērns, ja atceramies lielus publiskus skandālus Rīgas un citās pašvaldībās un ar būvniecības jomu saistītos korupcijas gadījumus. Trešais ir ilgtspējīgās būvniecības princips – tas nozīmē, ka būvējot ēkas, domājam par nākotni – ierobežotajiem  resursiem, cenšoties maksimāli izmantot esošās būves un atjaunojamos resursus gan ēkas būvniecībā, gan ekspluatācijā, raugoties, lai resursu patēriņš būtu iespējami mazāks. Ceturtais – vides pieejamības princips, kas ir būtisks saistībā ar teritoriālo plānošanu un personas iespējām pārvietoties.

 

Būvniecības likumprojektā būvspeciālista sertifikācija nav paredzēta, tā kompetenci apliecina iegūtā izglītība un pieredze. Rietumvalstu pieredze liecina, ka izglītības dokuments ir pietiekams, lai runātu par būvnieku profesionālo atbilstību. Protams jārunā par papildu prasībām, kas būtu vajadzīgi sarežģītāku ēku būvniecībai. Bet ir jāsaprot – lai uzceltu žogu vai privātmāju, nav nepieciešams inženiera sertifikāts. Vienkāršotai būvniecībai līdz šim bijis neadekvāts pieprasīto sertifikātu skaits.

Ir skaidrs, ka iekšējā tirgus aizsardzība mums ir vajadzīga. Pastāv risks starptautisko kompāniju ienākšanai Latvijas tirgū, taču ārvalstu kompānijām tik un tā ir iespēja iegūt šeit nepieciešamos sertifikātus un strādāt. Turklāt tas ir instruments, ar ko kāda no asociācijām nodrošina sev iztiku, apgalvojot, ka tādā veidā tiek aizsargāts Latvijas būvniecības tirgus. Nozares ekspertu viedoklis liecina – ir citas metodes sava tirgus aizsardzībai. Šai ziņā viens no piemēriem ir Skandināvija.

 

Pirmkārt, likums paredz iespēju detālplānojuma izstrādi, ja tāds nepieciešams, veikt vienlaikus ar būvprojektu, kas dos iespēju saīsināt laika grafiku. Otrkārt, visus ar būvniecību saistītos lēmumus būvvaldei būs jāpieņem desmit darbadienu laikā, t.sk. jāsniedz konceptuālais atbalsts – būvatļauja, kas tiks izsniegta krietni agrākā būvniecības stadijā.

Treškārt, pēc būvatļaujas saņemšanas no pašvaldības vairs nebūs jāsaņem neviena atļauja un tikai atbilstoši būvatļaujā norādītajam jāizpilda nosacījumi – jāiesniedz pilnībā izstrādāts būvprojekts, jānorāda speciālisti, jāveic apdrošināšana u.c., par kuriem atsevišķs lēmums netiks pieņemts, izņemot noraidošo, kad nosacījums ir izpildīts neprecīzi. Būvatļaujas izsniegšana iespējami agrākā būvniecības sākumstadijā nozīmē arī agrāku sabiedrības iesaisti, tādējādi arī būvatļaujas apstrīdēšana notiek tad, kad vēl nav veikti lieli kapitālieguldījumi un slēgti līgumi.

 

 

Klāvs Olšteins

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www.olsteins.lv

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